What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common condition that affects the hand and wrist. It occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the palm, becomes compressed at the wrist. This compression can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in the hand.
Causes of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Several factors contribute to the development of CTS, including:
- Repetitive Hand Movements: Activities that involve frequent hand use, such as typing or assembly line work, can increase the risk.
- Medical Conditions: Diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and hypothyroidism can make individuals more prone to CTS.
- Wrist Anatomy: A smaller carpal tunnel or previous wrist injuries may contribute to nerve compression.
- Pregnancy: Hormonal changes can cause swelling in the wrist, leading to CTS.
Common Symptoms
The symptoms of CTS usually develop gradually and may include:
- Numbness or tingling in the thumb, index, and middle fingers
- Weakness in the hand, making it difficult to grip objects
- Pain that radiates from the wrist up the arm
- A sensation of swelling in the fingers, even when no swelling is visible
Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Doctors diagnose CTS based on a physical examination and medical history. Common diagnostic tests include:
- Tinel’s Sign: Tapping on the median nerve to see if symptoms worsen.
- Phalen’s Test: Bending the wrist for about a minute to check for tingling or numbness.
- Nerve Conduction Studies: Measuring how well the median nerve transmits electrical signals.
Treatment Options
Treatment for CTS depends on the severity of symptoms:
Non-Surgical Treatments
- Wrist Splints: Wearing a splint at night can reduce pressure on the median nerve.
- Lifestyle Modifications: Reducing repetitive hand movements and improving ergonomics at work can help.
- Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroid injections can reduce swelling and pain.
- Physical Therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises can improve wrist mobility.
Surgical Treatment
If symptoms persist despite conservative treatments, surgery may be necessary. Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery involves cutting the ligament pressing on the median nerve to relieve pressure.
Prevention Tips
- Take frequent breaks when performing repetitive tasks.
- Maintain proper wrist posture while typing or using tools.
- Perform hand and wrist stretches regularly.
- Use ergonomic keyboards and wrist supports.
Conclusion
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome can significantly impact daily activities if left untreated. Recognizing early symptoms and making necessary adjustments can help prevent the condition from worsening. If symptoms persist, seeking medical attention is crucial to avoid permanent nerve damage.